Soil-sampling tool



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C C HANSEN SOIL SAMPLING TOOL Filed Sent.

Aug. 19 1924.

raam ug.. 19,1924.

ED STATES CHARLES c. HANSEN, or EASTON, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOE ToINGERSOLLRAND COMPANY, or JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION or NEWJERSEY.'

SOIL-SAMPLING TOOL.

Application led September 14, 1923. Serial No. 662,750.

To' all whom it 'may concern.' p

Be itknown that I, CHARLES C. HANSEN, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of Easton, county of Northampton, State 'g5 ofPennsylvania, have invented a certain SoilSampling rl`ool, of which thefollowing 1S a speci cation accompanied by drawings.

This invention relates to core drills and 1c partlcularly to a drill ofthis general type aving a double core barrel and adapted to obtainsamples of earth or other Amaterial which is more or less dry or loosein formation. Heretofore it has been extremely difli icult t obtainsatisfactory specimens of earth formation where the subsoil or othermaterial is dry and loose, particularly where f several different strataare encountered at one location. These strata may so comprise clay,loose earth, sand, stone, ashes and gravel which will not hold togetheren masse for obtaining acore by the usual or standard form of coredrill. This is mainly due to the fact that rotation of the core asbarrel of the drill tends tol separate the strata and loosenthe'material.

The objects of this invention are to eficiently and expeditiously obtainsamples composed of loose earth or other incohesive 3c material; toprotect the core while the tool is being advanced and prevent itsdisintegration as far as possible; to convey the dbris \from the holeduring the dr'l ing and to facilitate the handlin of the sample vduringso its removal from the ole.

A further important object is-to enable an ordinary or standard form ofcore drill of the type having a double core barrel to be adapted for useas a soil coring or sampling tool by the simple addition of an auxlliarypart forming an intermediate section between the core barrel and cuttingbit, or which may form a permanent part of either the core barrel or bitas desired, thus G rendering unnecessary the use of a special type ofcore drill when loose formations are encountered. Further objects of theinvention will hereinafter appear, and to all these ends the inventionconsists of a soil coring 5@ or sampling tool having the features ofconstruction, arrangement of parts and combinations of elementssubstantially as hereinafter fully described and claimed in this`specification and shown in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure1 is a longitudinal elevation artly 1n section of one preferred form oft e in-v vention showin the device as it appears during the drilllng; 1Figure 2 is a fragmentary elevation partly in section of the lower endof the drill showlng the cutting edges of the bit and the lower end ofthe core barrel as they appear vduring removal of the sample from thehole,

and L Figure 3 is a transverse sectional view n taken on the line 3-3 ofFigure 1, looking 1n the direction of the arrows. l Inthe drawin s adouble barrel core drill 1s shown, inclu ing a core barrel plug Aadapted to be rotated through the agency of the usual'rotatable spindleor drill rod (not shown), an outer core barrel B the upper end of whichis threaded to the plug A and adapted to rotate therewith, a relativelynon-rotatable inner core barrel or casing C, and an outer cylindricalcutting bit D. The core drill is adapted to be used in -any character offormation, a bit of the proper type for such formation being generallysecured directly to the core barrel B. In drilling in hard formations ashot bit is frequently used, and for soft formations a iish-tail bit ora cutter bit has been found to be most satisfactory. .In the presentin.- stance the bit D has been shown as a cutter bit, or toothed cutter,and instead of being attached directly to the core barrel, a removableintermediate section E is interposed between the core barrel B and bit Dm accordance with the purposes of this invention. The bit D is threadedto the lowery portion of the intermediate section E as shown at F, andthe section E, which has the same external diameter as the bit D andouter core barrel B, is threaded within the lower portion of the coreThe threaded portionsof the lower ends of the core barrel B at G andintermediate section E at F correspond so that the intermediate sectionE is interchangeable with the bit for attachment to the core barrel.

The inner core barrel or cylindrical casing C is loosely supportedwithin the outer core barrel B and 1s spaced therefrom, probarrel B asat G.

vidng an annular space H for the passage .of liquid to the base of thehole and for other purposes which will later appear. The bottom of theinner core barrel C rests upon an annular flange or filling ring J,which in turn rests on the upper end of the intermediate section Ewithin the outer core barrel B. The upper end of the inner barrel C litsover the projecting lower end K and is supported and freely guidedthereby without rotation. The core barrel plug A is provided with achamber L supplied with liquid through the spindle (not shown) andinclined passages C lead from the chamber L to the annular space Hbetween the inner and outer core barrels B and C. The liquid used forwashing away the dbris traverses the space H and tures P at the base ofthe core barrel B and from thence to the bit D at the base of the' hole.The cuttin s are expelled from the hole by the upwar flow of liquidalong the outer sides of the core barrel B in the usual manner.

The intermediate removable section E with contained'parts, I term a coresaver. The inner wall of the intermediate section E is provided with aspiral groove Q in which a spiral flight or conveyor R is adapted to befitted, the groove Q being of the same pitch as the conveyor R. Whenscrewed into place in the groove Q the spiral conveyor is securelyfastened in place as by one or more rivets g. The conveyor R is in theform of a spiral blade or -disc adapted to close and substantially sealthe bottom of the inner core barrel C. The blade has a smooth uppersurface and is disposed about the longitudinal axis of the core barreland rotatable with the core barrel B and bit D. A cutter S is alsoprovided for breaking up the core of materiali as the drillingprogresses. As the core barrel and bit rotate the core of material isbroken up or disintegrated and is carried by the spiral blade R into theinterior of the inner core barrel C, where the material rises in theform of a loose sample e of the formation being drilled. The inner corebarrel remains substantially stationary during rotation of the corebarrel B and bit D.

The spiral conformation of the blade R commences at t-he cutter S andcontinues for substantially a single turn, terminating at a pointsubstantially above the point of commencement, and a radial entranceopening T is formed between said points of commencement and termination.A closure is provided for the opening T and in this instance the closurecomprises a shutter U suitably hinged or pivoted at V to the upper terminus of the tially at the end thereof. The shutter U is adapted to meetthe lower end of the blade R substantially at the point of commencementof the spiral, rearwardly of the cutpasses out through the aper-l spiralblade R and substan-V ter S, and is disposed at an angle to thelongitudinal axis of the core drill when seated over the entranceopening T.

A spiral screw W` formed at the central plug X projects downwardly fromthe conveyor blade R in position to enter the core of material Y duringrotation of the core barrel and bit, and vacts to maintain intimatecontact between the cutter S and core Y while the drill is in operation.The shutter U is adapted to be raised on its hinges V by the core Y topermit entrance of the drilled material past the cutter S and into theinterior of the inner core barrel C during rotation of the core barrelB. When rotation ceases, the shutter U falls to its seat on the lowerend of the blade R, closing the radial opening T, substantially sealingthe inner core barrel and preventing the passage of material out of theinner core barrel C when lifting the core drill and contained sample eout of the hole. y

As the sample rises in the barrel C, a certain amount of pressure mightbe set up due to air or liquid, or both, confined within the barrel Cabove the sample. This might tend to impede the upward progress of thematerial forming the sample, and to prevent such interference, means arepreferably provided for relieving the pressure or other accumulationwithin the core barrel C. In the present instance these means include apressure controlled relief valve Z which opens when the pressure exceedsa. certain limit and allows the air or liquid to pass into a secondchamber a located in the portionl K of the plug A, from whence thefluids are permitted to escape through a ort b, into the annular spaceH, and to the ase of the hole. The pressure of the trapped fluids is inthis manner utilized to assist in expelling the detritus from the hole.

Substantially perfect samples of material are expeditiously andeconomically obtained with the use of the present core saver, for onereason because it is not necessary to use a special type of drill whenloose formations are encountered. The standard core drill used forobtaining solid cores of hard material is quickly converted into a soilcoring or sampling tool by the simple addition of the intermediatesection containing the core saving device.

What I claim is: A soil coring tool comprising an outer rotatable corebarrel, a relatively non-rotatable inner core barrel, a bit adapted tocut a core of material and a removable intermediate section between saidouter core barrel and bit, said section being interchangeable with thebit Vfor attachment to the outer core barrel, a conveyor located in saidremovable section adapted to enclose the bottom of said innercorebarrel, said conveyor comprising a spiral blade disposed about thelongitudinal axis of the tool and rotatable with the outer core barreland bit and having a cutter for breaking up the core of material as thedrilling progresses, said blade commencing at said cutter andterminating at a point substantially above the point of commencement,whereby a radial entrance opening is formed between said points, aclosure for. said opening comprising a shutter hingedly secured to theupper end of the spiral blade substantially at the end thereof andadapted to meet the lower end of the blade substantially at the point ofcommencement of the spiral and rearwardly of the cutter, said shutterbeing dis-L posed at an angle to the longitudinal axis when seated oversaid entrance opening, and a screw projecting downwardly from saidconveyor for maintaining intimate contact between the cutter end thecore during rotation of the drill, said shutter being adapted to permitentrance of the drilled material into the casing during rotation of theouter core barrel and to prevent passage of the material out of theinner core barrel when rotation ceases.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification.

CHARLES C. HANSEN.

